Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Essay

psychology digest be imbibed as interrogative sentence of ideas, intuitive feeling, and the way somevirtuoso thinks and uses his or her wits be it physical, mental, or cognitive. Ab general psychological science is ideas or conduct causing the individual troubles. The deficiency whitethorn be sadness, potential fight, or spredicate uncomfortableness in the individuals daily life. Mental disorders or mental disease argon practices not in cosmopolitan associated with a person. A recite of these disorders can harm others or the matchless(prenominal) who is battling with the disorder. There atomic number 18 a number of therapies for these disorders and are opposite in separately case. A closer look and contrast of normal and deviant psychology is need along with mental disturbance and mental disease from a psychology position polishing off by way of a look at diametrical therapies useful for normal and abnormal psychology.Abnormal and Normal Psychology are likewise, too the two look into sorts, and be bring forth of individuals different cultures and beliefs some airs are normal. Then again oftentimes they could be different for the behavior is not genuinely typical or something out the ordinary. To know the difference in the midst of normal and abnormal psychology servicings with acknowledging mental disturbance from a psychological perspective. To help gild our research on abnormal psychology, this section will compare and contrast normal and abnormal psychology. Normal psychology revolve aroundes on the different ways different masses see life and want to live life, rather than relying on generalizations made or so whole populations of people.See moreMark Twains Humorous Satire in Running for Governor EssayThese generalizations can often do harm because without proper consideration they can often imply norm of behavior inimical to a persons existence. A normal psychology in this way doesnt imply a stainless individual existence, nor that there arent any pathologies. Abnormal-is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder. The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions, employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere, and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by abnormal.Mental disorders and mental illnessesThis next section will examine mental disorders and mental illnesses from the perspective of psychology. Adjustment disorders of mental disorders is associate to an identifiable source of stress that causes significant emotional and behavioral symptoms. Anxiety disorders are those that are characterized by excessive and abnormal fear, worry and anxiety. In one recent survey published in the Archives of General Psychology 1, it was estimated that as many as 18% of American adults suffer from at to the lowest degree one anxiety d isorder. Cognitive disorders are psychological disorders that involve cognitive abilities such as fund, problem solving and perception. Some anxiety disorders, mood disorders and insane disorders are classified as cognitive disorders. Alzheimers diseaseDeliriumDementiaAmnesiaTherapiesPsychotherapy is a general term that is used to describe the accomplish of treating psychological disorders and mental distress. During this process, a trained psychotherapist helps the client tackle a specific or general problem such as a particular mental illness or a source of life stress. Depending on the approach used by the therapist, a wide blow of techniques and strategies can be used. However, al about all types of psychotherapy involve developing a therapeutic relationship, communicating and creating a dialogue and working to overcome toughened thoughts or behaviors. Psychoanalytic An approach to therapy that involved delving into a patient thoughts and past experiences to seek out un adv ised desires or fantasies.Cognitive-behavioral A type of psychotherapy that involves cognitive and behavioral techniques to turn negative thoughts and mal corrective behaviors.Humanistic A form of therapy that focuses on helping people maximize their potential.Medical therapy for mental disturbance and sicknesses intensify mingled with each philosophical system. The earlier style of psychotherapy were the psychodynamic therapies. Psychodynamic therapy tries to change character practices through perceptiveness and the therapist-patient relationship (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Inside this subdivision of therapy dwell the proficiencies of depth psychology and psychodynamic psychotherapy. These particular therapies ask the patient to lie on a sofa or sit opposite with a therapist and talk about what one thinks of, a technique known as free association. The two most adept humanistic therapies are Gestalt therapy and the client centered therapy.Gestalt therapy is somewhat like psychodyn amic psychotherapy. The most commonly known technique of the therapy is the empty chair technique. Through this method the patient exercises emotional expression by visualizing that the individual him or her wants to converse with is in the chair. The second humanistic therapy is the client centered therapy. Through this technique the therapist exhibits an position of full credence for the patient by listening emphatically. Therapeutic change occurs as the patient hears his or her own thoughts or feelings reflected by the nonjudgmental listener.ConclusionThere are a number of therapies for these disorders and are different in each case. Abnormal and Normal Psychology are likewise, also the two look into behaviors, and because of individuals different cultures and beliefs, some behaviors are normal. Lastly, normal and abnormal look into behavior, this behavior may be causing the individual troubles, confrontation, or simply uncomfortableness in daily life. Mental disorders including schizophrenia and Obsessive compulsive disorder can harm others or the individual battling with them. Mental illnesses comprise of perturbations of mentation, experience, and emotion cause operative disability making it very hard to nurture relationships, keep a job, and can lead to suicide. Treatment will change with regards to the form of disorder a individual has and the individuals commitment to look for assistance with a therapist.ReferencesKowalski, R., & Westen, D. (2009). Psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Nami ( National Alliance on Mental Illnesses, http//www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Mental_Illnesses/Depression/Mental_Illnesses_What_is_Depression.htm retrieved December 01, 2012.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-illness/ retrieved December 01, 2012.www.uidaho.edu/psych101/abnormal6.pdf. Retrieved December 02, 2012Wood, S. E., & Wood, E. R. The World of Psychology. Boston, MA A Pearson Education Company. rogue 538Abnorm al Psychology and Therapy EssayTeresa Neal Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper In a world where nothing seems to be considered normal anymore, psychology tries to draw the crimp between what it is and what is not. The different schools of thought have their own perspective on the definition, origin, and treatment of abnormal behavior and this paper will cover a few, trying to make it possible to have a clear difference between normal and abnormal psychology. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Specifically defining behavior as normal or abnormal is a contentious issue in abnormal psychology.To try to distinguish between normal psychology and abnormal psychology, psychologists use three criteria whatever is infrequent, maladaptive, and deviant from the cultural norm, falls under the category of abnormal behavior (Spoor, 1999). Mental health, also known as normal psychology, and mental illnesses and disorders, also known as abnormal psychology, have been defined in many ways, but shoul d always be viewed in the context of ethnocultural factors and learn because what is considered normal in some environments may be considered abnormal in others.A person with a normal behavior and mental processes has the ability to adapt and cope with adversity, has a correct perception of reality, accepts self, avoids harm, and experiences continual psychological growth and development (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Abnormal psychology, on the other hand, is characterized by unusual patterns that some people might show in their behavior, thought process, and expression of emotion, patterns that are associated with distress or disability and can cause harm and an unreasonable response to a particular situation.Mental Disorders Daily functions such as the ability to think, read, remember, plan, and understand rely on an individuals cognitive skills (Medalia & Revheim, 2002). Cognitive disorders are disorders of thinking or stock that signify an evident change from the personal former level of functioning. In certain situations the exact origin of the disorder can be identified, other cases the cause is unclear.Even though these disorders are biologically founded, the environment and psychological factors play significant roles in shaping the effect and extent of disabling symptoms in supplement to the personal capacity to deal with them. (Nevid, et a. 2008). The most common cognitive disorders are amnestic, delirium, and dementia disorders. Amnestic disorders are a cognitive impairment relating a unsuccessful person to develop new memories and the failure to remember old memories.Delirium is a severe, and reversible state of mental disorder, which involves confusion, and the lack of ability to focus on education or the surrounding environment. Individuals that suffer from delirium may suffer frightening hallucinations, particularly visual hallucinations. The loss of memory and understanding ordinarily associated with behavior and personality changes describe s dementia disorders. Different forms of dementia exist, depending on the cause therefore some types of dementia may be reversed with treatment.For example those cases that are caused by creative thinker tumors. Dementia caused by the disease Alzheimers cannot be reversed (Nevid, et al. 2008). On a personal note these patients are difficult, they have to watch be continually as they can do harm to themselves and others. Mental Illnesses Although diagnoses of minimal brain dysfunction are based on behavioral symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, evidence suggests that children with ADHD also show important cognitive weaknesses in areas that are necessary to daily functioning at home work and school.Particularly research studies indicate that children with ADHD often have problems in Executive functions (for example, planning a project, keeping attentive to a task, ignoring irrelevant information) Working memory (which is often considered an executive function) invigorate of information processing (children with ADHD process information more slowly than their peers) Many of these cognitive processes are often interrelated. For example problems in working memory can negatively affect other executive functions, or slow processing speed may lower an individuals ability to remember and organize information. ttp//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15499890 From the cognitive perspective, theorists suggest that a person diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorders suffer from impaired information-processing. The impairment is present in defined categories and boundaries that are maladaptive and leave in an over-structuring of input but there is no evidence to show that this is the cause, rather than a consequence of OCD symptoms. Another cognitive theory suggests that OCD fear structures are especially various and a large number of stimuli can become associated with threat or danger.Passive avoidance of such a large number of stimulus associatio ns can be extremely difficult and compulsions become necessary for the individual to feel safe. Although cognitive theories do provide insight into the outward persuasion of OCD, they fail to clearly define how and why OCD and this cognitive impairment can arise. Similarities between the Schools of Thought There are quite a few similarities between the different schools of thought in treating mental disorders.All but the Psychodynamic therapies are short term usually lasting a year or less and most all therapies have the client or patient facing the therapist and are conversational. All therapies also look to help the client or patient change behaviors or thought patterns that are causing problems of one kind or another. Cognitive-Behavioral therapies help patients with behavior and cognitive problems. The therapist helps the patient focus on the problematic behavior and helps him or her find ways in which to address these behaviors and learn skills to change them.These therapies u se a variety of techniques to help patients with phobias, neighborly skills, accomplishing goals, anxiety disorders, and the like. Psychodynamic therapies both examine the patients thought patterns to get to the bottom of the undesired behavior or emotional responses. Humanistic therapies including Gestalt and Client-Centered therapies focus on the patients feelings and to experience themselves as they really are. Family, Marital, and Group therapies use group communication either one- on-one or in a group to help with problematic relationships and behaviors.Self-help groups are another type of group therapy that aims to help people either cope with undesired behavior, loss of a loved one, addictions, and disease. (Kowalski, 2009) The common drag here with most therapies, the approach is a warm relationship with the therapist who shows empathy for the patient or client and giving him or her hope or readiness in coping with their problem (Kowalski, 2009) Differences between the Schools of Thought While each school of thought has common factors in treatment methods, each school has developed different ways of addressing psychological problem.For instance, Psychodynamic therapies rely on two principles the role of insight and the role of the therapist-patient relationship (Kowalski & Western, 2009). It is believed that in order for therapeutic change to occur, a person must understand his or her own psychological processes. When in therapy it is one on one the patient is either face to face with the therapist or lying on a couch with the therapist sitting behind them. Psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the notion that the patients problems stemmed from childhood.These problems follow the child into adulthood causing a conflict within new relationships. This transfer of emotion from past experiences is called transference, one of the techniques psychotherapies rely on. The two main treatments, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, are a long term pro cess that focuses on developing awareness of these unconscious feelings. Psychodynamic therapy, like psychoanalysis, consists of three days a week over a long period of time. It is considered that patients who meet at least twice weekly benefit more than those who do not.Unlike psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on the persons life as it is now the current and conscious thought patterns and behavior. They are not concerned with exploring and altering underlying personality patterns or unconscious processes (Kowalski & Western,2009). The focus is on the present feelings and not the childhood experiences. Cognitive-based therapies are relatively short term and direct. Specific recommendations are made to bring about change in behavior.The sessions are well structured with questioning, and the patient usually is sent home with an assignment (Mote, 2011). While most cognitive behavioral techniques try to alter behavior, such as classical conditioning, cognitive therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional cognitions (Kowalski & Western, 2009). These behaviors are automatic, and not unconscious. Therapy is a process of identifying and altering these automatic thoughts. Cognitive therapy techniques such as rational-emotional behavior therapy recognize the behaviors and works to mediate between the activating conditions and the emotional reactions.As each of the other therapies are more therapist-patient, Humanistic therapies focus on the world of the patient and qualities that make him or her singular (Mote, 2011). The therapy techniques that are used, Gestalt therapy and Rogers client centered therapy, are primarily based on becoming aware of ones own emotions, values, and motivations to bring about change. With group therapy, the individuals are concentrated on the individual dynamics and their reactions in the group process. Family therapy is centered on the structure of the family, and the main roots of conflict in family interaction.