Essay --

Jane Eyre â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Bronte is a novel about a vagrant young lady experiencing childhood in an intense condition and how she turns into a develop lady with brimming with boldness. Her life at Gateshead is extremely troublesome, where she feels segregated and lives in dread in her adolescence. Her folks are dead when she was pretty much nothing, her dead uncle asked his malicious spouse, Mrs. Reed, to deal with Jane until she turns into a grown-up. In any case, Mrs. Reed doesn't stay faithful to her commitment, nobody treats Jane like their relatives even treats her not exactly a hireling. Before the finish of this article it will be demonstrated that Jane’s life at Gateshead has molded her advancement as a young lady and bildungsroman. In the start of â€Å"Jane Eyre†, Jane depicts that she was cheerful before she moved to Gateshead. She says, â€Å"With Bewick on my knee, I was then upbeat; cheerful at any rate in my direction. I didn't fear anything however interference, and that came too soon.†(8).In this statement, Jane resembled other cheerful young ladies with their family, she had pleasant house to live and fine food to eat. Everything has changed after her folks passed on. After she moves into Mrs. Reed’s...

Oppression Remedy In The Corporations Act â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Oppression Remedy In The Corporations Act? Answer: Introducation Segment 232 of the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) covers the arrangements with respect to severe lead or where the direct is such which can be esteemed as unreasonably biased of unjustifiably biased. Where the direct under segment 232 of this demonstration is set up, the court can grant cures under segment 233 of this go about as a solution for the attempted harsh lead (Austlii, 2017). Under area 233 the court can arrange the organization to be twisted up, or request that the administration do a specific errand or avoid accomplishing something, and in such manner, the organization can be approached to buy or transmit the portions of an individual (Victorian Law Reform Commission, 2016). Thomas v H W Thomas Ltd (1984) 1 NZLR 686 is a case which ends up being of help here. The court held for this situation that the selection of a moderate budgetary approach and not delivering high profits couldn't be considered as harsh where the lion's share have consented to it and there is an absence of components which could point towards shamefulness. For this situation, the court introduced three fundamental conditions which were required for putting forth a defense of severe direct and for the solutions for be granted under the relevant areas. These three conditions give that The goal with which such direct is embraced needs to bring about such a condition which can be considered as abusive, unreasonably biased or unjustifiably biased; There must be method of reasoning desires for the gatherings being left neglected; and Ultimately, on the off chance that the cures are utilized, it would be esteemed as simply, reasonable and impartial (New Zealand Official Law Reports, 2017). Application The contextual analysis given here shows that the granting the profits was alternative for the administration. Subsequently, there was no impulse for the organization to announce profits; and on this premise, A Class investors can't guarantee an unjustness or shamefulness. Applying the instance of Thomas v H W Thomas Ltd: The target of this was not to hurt any investor however to buy a vineyard which would help the organization in growing their business; The desires for Mario and his kin are out of line and considering somebody to be languid and undeserving can't be soundly refered to as abuse. In the event that cures under area 233 are granted for this situation, they would be unjustifiable for the parties.In short, inferable from the absence of abuse, the cases of grandkids of Galli would fall flat. Buyback of the offers can be best characterized as the organization repurchasing its offers (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). This should be possible for different reasons, including expanding the responsibility for organization; exploiting the underestimated portions of the organization; cutting down the weakening; and expanding the key budgetary proportion of the organization including the income per offers and return of value (Kandarpa, 2016). The ASIC, i.e., the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Corporations Act, 2001 spread the authoritative prerequisites for the offers to be brought back. Division 2 secured under Part 2J.1 of the Corporations Act gives the strategy and the necessities which must be attempted for buyback of the offers (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Further, in light of segment 257A of this demonstration, the exposure necessity subtleties are canvassed and in such manner, ASICs Regulatory Guide 75 spreads the valuation prerequisite dependent on the report of the free master (ASIC, 2007). The contextual investigation given here shows that the buyback of portions of the organization is an opportunities for the organization, which would support it, especially if the case of a gathering gets effective, and it is indicated that the companys lead has been out of line, where the court would arrange the organization to repurchase the offers. Aside from this, there are different points of interest for the organization. Along these lines, by following the prerequisites expressed over, the portions of the organization can be repurchased and the necessity of free master report can be met dependent on ASICs Regulatory Guide 75. Capital decrease is that system received by the organization through which the shareholding of the organization is diminished by counteracting the gave shares dependent on the administrative necessities. There are two key advantages of undertaking capital decrease, the first is the expanded investors esteem and the second is the chance of making the capital structure of the organization better than it had been previously (Nanda, 2015). The capital decrease can be attempted just when it doesn't influence the installments of obligations of the leasers. Likewise, according to area 256C of the Corporations Act, the endorsement of investors must be attempted. There are sure different habits in which capital decrease can be attempted and this incorporates the offer repurchase or the recovery of the redeemable inclination shares (ASIC, 2014). The contextual analysis given here shows that the organization ought to proceed and drops the portions of class A however for this, they would be required to take an endorsement of the investors of the organization. They would need to be indicated this proposed capital decrease is reasonable for each partner and that the limit of the organization in reimbursing the obligations of the organization would not be hampered. References ASIC. (2007) Share purchase backs. [Online] ASIC. Accessible from: https://download.asic.gov.au/media/1240127/rg110.pdf [Accessed on: 01/10/17] ASIC. (2014) Reduction in share capital. [Online] ASIC. Accessible from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/running-an organization/shares/decrease in-share-capital/[Accessed on: 01/10/17] Austlii. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Austlii. Accessible from: https://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-receptacle/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/definitions [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Gibson, An., and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law 2014. eighth ed. Melbourne, Pearson Education Australia. Government Register of Legislation. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Accessible from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Kandarpa, K. (2016) What is the Purpose of a Share Buyback and How would shareholders be able to Benefit from it?. [Online] Wise Owl. Accessible from: https://www.wise-owl.com/venture instruction/what-is-the-motivation behind a-share-buyback-and-by what method can-investors profit by it [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Nanda, D.S. (2015) Reduction in share capital: Analysis. [Online] Corporate Law Reporter. Accessible from: https://corporatelawreporter.com/2015/02/23/decrease share-capital-examination/[Accessed on: 01/10/17] New Zealand Official Law Reports. (2017) Thomas v H W Thomas Ltd - [1984] 1 NZLR 686. [Online] New Zealand Official Law Reports. Accessible from: https://www.lawreports.nz/thomas-v-h-w-thomas-ltd-1984-1-nzlr-686/[Accessed on: 01/10/17] Victorian Law Reform Commission. (2016) The persecution cure in the Corporations Act. [Online] Victorian Law Reform Commission. Accessible from: https://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/content/3-mistreatment cure partnerships act#footnote-135972-53-backlink [Accessed on: 01/10/17]

How Twitter Can Be Used To Gauge A Financial Stocks Health

How Twitter Can Be Used To Gauge A Financial Stocks Health Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! How Twitter Can Be Used To Gauge A Financial Stocks Health Updated On 09/01/2016 Author : MatthewAnton Topic : Featured Twitter Short URL : http://hbb.me/PozD5l CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog What do the People think FEEL about your Stock? There is a reason you can not put out false information to artificially inflate or deflate the price of a stock because it works. Stocks are votes of confidence in future earnings for a company. Stocks are owned by people, and people are anything but logical. They are easily manipulated, especially when mass hysteria hits. Take for instance this Twitter search for Facebook stock , here we can see what the masses think. Since Twitter is such a huge platform to diseminate information, its a an excellent barometer to gauge if people feel good about a stock, unsure, and the latest news swirling around it. Currently youll see articles and comments about a sell off by a Facebook insider (it will of course change hourly, daily, monthly, yearly, etc): Sheryl Sandberg Has Sold More Than $40 Million in Facebook Stock So Far Not only are major news outlets flooding Twitter with this information, but its being regurgitated by average investors. You can also see posts that Mobile is extremely closely tied to Facebook earnings. You wont become an expert in finding information about stocks overnight, but in a few months the average Tweets might be leading up to a big gain, or something terrible for the company. Your goal is to understand peoples herd mentality and to make a decision based on their fears or hopes. An obfuscated Picture means there is more uncertainty and more room for potential gains, and of course losses  Jim Cramer, host of the widely popular Mad Money series on CNBC has even admitted to manipulating stock prices to make a small fortune. Whats important when you are in that hedge fund mode is to not be doing anything that is remotely truthful, because the truth is so against your view it is important to create a new truth to develop a fiction, Cramer advises. You cant take any chances. The more volatile a market, the greater chances of success. Even during the great depression more people became millionares than ever before, as wealth was transferred from one class of people to another. Shorting a stock, or betting without knowledge could result in huge losses, and relying on bad credit personal loans to make up the difference when it comes time to pay the bills. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READ10+ Interesting Ways How Porn Websites Make MoneyArmed with Knowledge You can Make an Informed Decision Unless you are long on a stock, you need to know how average stock holders feel about their investment. Much like a poker player has to not focus on playing only his hand, but what others are doing, so should you look to Social Media and Twitter to reveal the truth behind the media spins. Best of all, you dont have to chime in with a retweet, or create your own post on your view. You are simply observing and analyzing which means you are free and clear in the eyes of the SEC. More often than not you will be very late on any information given to the general public. Its called insider trading for a reason, and you arent on the inside. Leveraging Twitter searches will not get you in on the ground level, but there is much action leading up to events and immediately after that Twitter does an excellent job of putting into perspective. Final Thoughts Twitter and Social Media is just a Piece to the Investment Puzzle Social Media has not only given us the people a voice but allows others to hear their voice, and recognize what they are feeling and saying. By and large people will still be influenced by the major media outlets, so its important not to chase any red herrings that are simply the result of parroting, unless of course it begins to resonate with the average investor. There is a tipping point from idea to fact, and it has to deal with mass numbers believing something to be true or imminent. Your Twitter search awaits you. The future is trending, and its yours for the taking.

Comparative essay - Othello/Macbeth tragic heroes

Coursework Unit 1: ‘Many critics have argued that Othello is not a true Shakespearean tragic hero. Explore the idea that Shakespeare intended to make Othello fit the criteria of his tragic hero with comparison to Macbeth.’ By Marina Georgallides A tragic hero, determined by Aristotle, must show a nobility and virtue of a certain magnitude however, their path to happiness should be ceased by their destructive vice (Harmartia- the flaw that eventually leads to their downfall). Peripeteia, the point where the character’s fortune changes, must evoke a state of pity and fear amongst the audience, and give above all, a didactic message. The outcome of this characteristic should result in a complex but sole instigation of both the hero’s†¦show more content†¦His eloquence of poetry in Act 1 is in stark contrast to his rather barbaric and politically incorrect behaviour in Act 3, particularly to a 21st century audience as his act of â€Å"striking her† (Desdemona) across the face is an incredulous act that is totally unacceptable to feminists now but may have been deemed as common or even deserved to a contemporary audience of the 16th century. His affection dramatically changes towards Desdemona and it can be argued that Othello â€Å"allows manipulation and jealousy to lead to his self-destruction†- Tasha Kelley (2010) Othello simply cannot help the jealousy that he feels within him, no matter how much of an influence Iago is upon him. At this point, Othello is entirely convinced and absolute in the killing of his wife; the use of hyperbolic language in â€Å"I’ll tear her all to pieces† emphasises his sheer mercilessness since â€Å"all† of Desdemona will be killed. Unlike Othello, Macbeth changes rather early on in the play, and the only real evidence that the audience sees of his nobility is what others say about him. In Act 1 Scene 2 Duncan expresses, â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman†; the use of positive adjectives to describe Macbeth would give both a Shakespearean and modern audience a good impression of Macbeth even before he is revealed in the play. On the other hand, current and contemporary audiences would also notice that the other

Germany s Second World War II - 1405 Words

Germany’s Possible Victory in World War 2 It is known fact that on September 1, 1939, Adolf Hitler led Germany to invade Poland so starting the Second World War. It is also accepted knowledge that he committed suicide at the end of April, 1945 ending the European conflict. Some say that his defeat was imminent while others say that the Nazi’s could have very easily won. Through years of book reading and History channel documentary viewing, I have come up with the conclusion to side with the latter group of people. While there are many points and events that if changed could have made an impact on the war, I will focus on the Germans lack of jet aircraft in the late war period as well as the absence of heavy four engine bombers at the†¦show more content†¦After some time on the drawing boards, two designs were released by the Dornier and Junkers companies. Both aircraft met the prescribed specifications and testing was immediately ordered for prototype varia nts of each. Unfortunately for the Germans, General Walther Wever died in a freak air crash in 1936 and officers in the Luftwaffe canceled the project in favor of light dive bombers like the stuka; this decision left to a hole in the Luftwaffe for the approaching war. The heavy bomber was a sound idea though; during the same time, aviation enthusiast Billy Mitchell in America was also calling for a heavy bomber forces to be incorporated into the air corps. It was through Billy Mitchell’s demonstrations in the 20’s that the Army Air Force requested the Boeing company to produce a 4 engine bomber with the designation YB-17. This design later became the B-17’s that would come to eventually bomb Germany into submission. Without a big bomber during the war, Germany missed out on many potential victories. For example: during the Battle of Britain, standard medium bombers were unable to destroy Britain sufficiently to force surrender, but with heavy bombers this co uld have been possible. This would have led to a complete victory in the west and would have allowed Hitler to turn completely to the Soviet Union. Without Britain as a base, America would have not been able to invade the continent of Europe like it did and without Britain; America would

The Influence and Meaning of Gothic Literature - 1385 Words

The Influence and Meaning of Gothic Literature Gothic is termed in the dictionary with crude and barbaric, this definition coincides with gothic literature. Gothic literature was said to be born in 1764 when Horace Walpole published The Castle of Otranto, which is considered to be the first gothic novel ever written. Gothic literature explores the aggression between what we fear and what we lust. The setting of these gothic stories were usually in some kind of castle or old building that showed human decay and created an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The words chosen in these novels and short stories were very descriptive they tended to blend the idea of the exotic and the familiar (The Balkans, 75).Supernatural and†¦show more content†¦In Dracula, Jonathan Harker notes with a similar attitude I read that every known superstition in the world is gathered into the horseshoe of the Carpathians, as if it were the centre of some sort of imaginative whirlpool. These quotations both bring about the fear of the unknown an d the idea of the fear of the other, creating an ideal setting for a gothic novel. Gerards article also provided Stoker with some of the folklore surrounding Dracula and his castle: St. Georges Day, the eve of which is still frequently kept by occult meetings taking place at night in lonely caverns or within ruined walls; hidden treasures and the light they give forth, described as a bluish flame; and the wolf that continues to haunt the Transylvanian forests (Transylvanian superstitions). Gerard was not the only influence on Stoker choosing Transylvania as his setting some other influences were a collection of tales by Alexandre Dumas (pà ¨re), Les Mille et un Fantomes (1849), includes a story about a vampire who haunts the Carpathians; in The Mysterious Stranger (anonymous, 1860), a vampire Count terrorizes a family in this area. Best-known may be Jules Vernes romantic adventure, The Castle of the Carpathians (1892), in which the narrator cites the prevalence of beliefs in a host of supernatural creatures, including vampires that quench their thirst on human blood. Dracula depicts Transylvania as a backward region inhabited by wild animals and superstitious peasants, appropriateShow MoreRelatedPoetry Is Not Just The Vision Of The Writer1036 Words   |  5 Pages poetry can grip the heart—the mind can be an awfully dark place. Within gothic poetry the horror and fears of the poet lie just beyond the words of the poem itself. The words are emotional viscera given form. Poetry is aesthetic and inspiring and its brevity extends it to forms beyond itself. The works of romantic poets have been recycled and reimagined as a result of our continued love affair with the ideas of the gothic and supernatural. The works of various authors, directors, artists, and musiciansRead MoreAnalysis Of The House Of Leaves 1227 Words   |  5 Pagesis not easily detectable. This is what triggers Gothic plots to have a positive development as they mainly focus on revealin g the why and what of the occurrence of an event. It is evident that wider experiences, techniques, psychological knowledge as well as craftsmanship have tremendously advanced such that the earlier Gothic work seems artificial and naà ¯ve (Lovecraft, 2013). As Crawford (2014) reveals, the theme of madness runs through most Gothic narratives and is usually enunciated by the charactersRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Biography. By. Alyssa Marshall.1260 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 6, 2017 Abstract Edgar Allan Poe was a writer in the â€Å"Gothic Era†, many of his stories genres are horror like â€Å" The Masque of The Red Death†, mystery such as â€Å" The Fall of The House of Usher†, lost love as in â€Å" The Raven†, and obsession such as â€Å" The Pit and The Pendulum†. Edgar’s poems and short stories are influenced by tragedies that happened through out his lifetime. Poe influenced not only American literature but literature around the world. He also influenced writers around the worldRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Fall Of The House Of Usher1169 Words   |  5 PagesKing would be nothing if it weren’t for the tortured, Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849). Poe’s works seem to project the monsters and ghosts which lived inside him, through his awful, short life. Poe writings are woven tightly with language holding hidden meanings and psychological anguish. Argumentary the most famous work of Poe is The Fall of the House o f Usher(The House of Usher), as the short story incorporates every trope of modern horror, important among these is the setting. A nameless narrator receivesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s The Cask 1563 Words   |  7 PagesBlaine Bowman Mrs. McKay American Literature 10 November, 2015 Gothic Elements in Poe’s Captivating Stories Edgar Allen Poe can be described as a master of gothic literature. Poe enjoyed incorporating the gothic theme into his stories (â€Å"The Cask† 52). The free dictionary website describes gothicism as a style in fictional literature characterized by gloomy settings, violent or grotesque action, and a mood of decay, degeneration, and decadence. Edgar Allen Poe experienced many failures and disappointmentsRead MoreEssay on Gothic Theme in Poes The Fall of the House of Usher831 Words   |  4 Pagesshort-story form of writing, chiefly tales of the mysterious and macabre, has established his short stories as leading proponents of â€Å"Gothic† literature. Although the term â€Å"Gothic† originally referred only to literature set in the Gothic (or medieval) period, its meaning has since been extended to include a particular style of writing. In order for literature to be â€Å"Gothic,† it must fulfill some specific requirements. Firstly, it must set a tone that is dark, somber, and foreboding. Next, throughout theRead MoreThe Judges Hous e by Bram Stoker803 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary genre refers to specific types of literature by classifying and analyzing pieces of fictional work. Also to be known as a theoretical construct, including a known selection of elements and functions of all stages of literary work. Examples of genre are love stories, science fiction, comedy, horror, drama, thriller, fantasy, adventure, action, action, crime, historical, political, and romance are just some types of genres. Traits of gothic include supernatural elements, horror and terrorRead MoreThe Romantic Age Of American Literature1725 Words   |  7 PagesRomantic Age took place in the middle of the 1800s. During this period the middle class began to rise in society. Many reforms started to take place which included slavery and woman s rights. This age brought about American literature which was free from European influence and ties. The writers during the Romantic Age wrote mainly about the person, they included clear and conci se descriptions of people and nature. Many writers like Poe wrote about supernatural events like the devil, evil, and horrorRead MoreResurrected Love: an Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes Ligeia Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allen Poes short story Ligeia, in a style much like that of The Fall of the House of Usher, has all the makings of a classic, gothic horror tale. It is a story of a love so strong that it overcomes the realms of death. The unnamed narrator is so in love with the Lady Ligeia, as she is with him, that her untimely death soon after their marriage was unable to separate them. Ligeia rejoins the narrator in life through the body of another, Lady Rowena Trevanion of Tremaine. Rowena is the secondRead MorePoe Hawthorne949 Words   |  4 Pagesin language have forever changed what we appreciate in writing. Poe and Hawthorne used various techniques in their writing including symbolism, allegory, suspense, characterization and great use of setting to make it ve ry real to the reader. Both gothic writers set a different mood for the reader in their writings. Symbolism is present in stories to provide depth and insight into the plot. It’s the surroundings that make a character look a certain way to the reader. Both Poe and Hawthorne make

Discussing the film Closer Essay Example For Students

Discussing the film Closer Essay The future however is what leads the couple to the massive argument . Dan wants a clean slate and to him the future only lies with the past present. At the moment his present past is the truth he received from Larry about Alice. Corrupted memories and wanting to know so much brings upon this argument, we see earlier on in the film Dan visit Larry at his doctors surgery. Larry warns Dan from Anna his wife but reverts him to Alice, Dans true love, as Dan is leaving the surgery Larry bluntly mentions that he slept with Alice. As a member of the audience we do not know whether or not Larry is lying, but automatically take it as the truth as Larry seems to be harshly blunt and to the point, he doesnt seem to want to cause harm to Dan but just wants Dan to leave him and his wife Anna alone. Dan and Alice start to argue as Alice becomes uneasy about the past and she seems to focus on the future. Alice doesnt understand why Dan is asking her such questions on her sleeping with Larry, however she does not give the impression that Larry is lying and does not deny the statement. A frustrated Dan leaves the room angry and leaves Alice by herself. However Dan runs back with a rose he picks up from the hotel corridor, the film goes down a conventional root of a love film and we assume that the couple are going to get through this dark era. Dan seems to want to forget as he runs back to the room; he doesnt care whats happened he just wants Alice. Everything seems to be perfect, we already know how much Alice loves Dan and how much shes forgotten to be with him and we see Dan wanting to forget what Larry said. The conventional root of a love genre creeps in as we see the strength of Dan love and what he is willing to do, to be with Alice. Up until this point we see the film taking a conventional root of a love film. We see the couples strength of love. Even though they may have argued, we still have hope and we can feel that when Dan enters that room Alice will forgive him and be in this world as lovers. As Dan enters the room with the rose Alice says I dont love you anymore, the films unconventional mood comes in to the frame work and we see the vices of the mind break down this remarkable bond of love and destiny. This is where my narrative of the second part of my extract begins. Dan ignores the fact that Alice said that she doesnt love him anymore, he takes it as her being angry and just focussing on what they are arguing about. The rose lies next to Alice on the bed and we see Dan on his knees begging for her to forget. Straight into his eye she says Where is this love? I can feel it, I can hear it but I cant touch it I cant feel it . For a couple who seemed so destined together the truth finally emerges. The realistic view of how Alice feels comes true. Throughout the film she has needed Dan and she would have done anything for him, even forget him having a affair for a year. Alice has been very much holding this relationship together in her own mind and when she lets go of the reality that she doesnt feel loved and that she cant go on the relationship absorbs the toughest feeling of emotion yet. Dan doesnt want Alice to leave, when he finally admits why he was asking her about Larry, Alice feels although she has been tested. She wants him to go and he doesnt, Dan wants to stay and hes not letting Alice walk out so easy. .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 , .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .postImageUrl , .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 , .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:hover , .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:visited , .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:active { border:0!important; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:active , .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053 .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4ccf6869e1de7346d58d73c6a5d7053:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken Analysis EssayTo him Alice doesnt feel loved, but shes still in love with him and to Dan, Alice is making a mistake shell regret. Dan starts to force himself on Alice, he doesnt want her to let go and he can see he slipping out off his hands. Alice has slipped out and even though we the audience can see she still loves him in her eyes, she needs to leave because to her love is the only reason why shes still with him. Alice starts to struggle to make Dan leave, he doesnt and she ends up spitting on his face. Dan raises his hand, he puts it down and Alice says go on hit me you f****r he does. He follows he command and slaps her on the face, thats when the relationship come to the last point. We finally see his true colours. The last part of the extract moves from the scene in which Dan slaps Alice to a close screenplay of each and every character in the play. This is the first time in the film we see each and every character in the film alone it also shows us some of the most important facts that we didnt know about and get to know now. I take this last part of my extract to be very unconventional, it doesnt show the lovers together but shows them apart and learning lessons that they could have learned together. We first see Larry and Anna in bed, the camera focuses on Anna and we know that she will never be happy. The next shot then goes to Dan, who is back to the first place he took Alice. This is a war memorial place and we then see the truth about Alice. Alice is actually called Jane and the name Alice Ayers which she told Dan at the beginnig was a name off a war memorial wall. NOT FINISHED NEED BETTER ENDING.

Peer Advice for First Generation College Applicants

Are you the first in your family to apply to college? If so, it’s likely challenging, but you’re not alone. Take it from Valentina, a student at American University, who shares her advice on applying to college as a first generation student:As a first generation student, I am proud of my choice to attend college. Regardless of what socio-economic background you come from, education is a right. But, when you’re the first person in your family to pursue a postsecondary education, you often find many barriers in the way. The process seems a bit overwhelming, and you’re on your own. I get it. You’ve worked hard, but you aren’t sure how to begin your college search, or what is a â€Å"good fit†. Your family members want you attend your dream school, but they don’t understand how the college admissions process works or how to help. Truth to be told that’s how everyone’s feels. Even for students who have parents that attended prestigious universities find the entire process a bit tedious. So, if you’re lost and not sure where to begin, here are some tips to help you get started: 1. Find Your Best College Fit To get started, think about where you can see yourself being happy. What career goals do you have? What do you want to major in? If you’re undecided, break down your interests even further. For example, if you are interested in computers, research computer related majors. For example, the Rochester Institute of Technology offers a Computer Exploration program. The program gives students the opportunity to explore the field of computing before declaring a specific major. 2. Be Realistic Be realistic when choosing what colleges to apply to. Colleges are looking for well-rounded students who are looking to make an impact on society. Needless to say, some colleges are more competitive than others. Plan your college list wisely: consider at least two safety schools, two target schools, and two reach schools. 3. Understand Your Financial Aid Options Finances are important, but don’t limit your choices because of a school’s â€Å"ticket price.† Some private schools are extremely expensive at first sight, but may offer merit-based scholarships and grants that can reduce costs tremendously. Also keep in mind that if you are applying to any Ivy League universities (Harvard, Princeton, Yale, etc.), they can meet all of your financial needs if your family makes less than a specific income. 4. Stay Organized Keep yourself organized. Create a word document or an excel sheet with all of the universities you will apply to. There will be many deadlines you need to abide to. You will have to send transcripts, letters of recommendations, and complete applications. Make sure you give yourself enough time to plan ahead. 5. Ask for Help There is plenty of help out there! There are plenty of resources you can rely on and people you can reach out to help you throughout your admissions process. There are also plenty of scholarships you can find and apply to online to help pay for college! Talk to a guidance counselor, teacher, parent’s friend, or even email a professional. There are many resources to help you plan ahead. Remember, you’re not alone!The application process is tough. Your efforts and personality is being judged and evaluated by each university you apply to. So I just want you to remember that even through potential rejection letters you’re worth it. Just because the rest of your family never went to college doesn’t mean you shouldn’t either. If you want to pursue a higher education, you have every right to.

How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included) Retail might not be the most glamorous career around- complete with aching feet and a perma-smile that hides your suspicion that the customer is not always right- but if you’ve ever been on those front lines, you know how essential your services are. We’re a society of consumers, and retail professionals are the ones who keep that cycle going. If you’re an experienced retail sales associate or someone just starting out, we’ve got you covered. We at TheJobNetwork have put together a guide accompanied by resume templates on creating the perfect retail resume. Let’s look at three different retail professionals: One entry level, one seeking seasonal retail employment, and an experienced sales associate looking to become a manager.1.Entry Level  Retail Sales Associate Resume2.Seasonal Retail Sales Resume3.Retail Sales Manager ResumeFirst up: Bella, who’s seeking her first job in the retail world.Download This Resume in MS WordBella opts for a fu nctional, or skills-based resume, because she doesn’t have a lot of retail-specific experience to showcase (yet). So she puts her best qualities and her skills up front, to underline her summary statement: that she’s looking to take the skills and work ethic she already has and turn that into a retail job/career. She also presents herself as a recent grad, which can let the reader know up front that she probably doesn’t have years and years of experience behind her. Bella prioritizes her strongest skills (her responsibility/dependability, her ability to work with the public, and her familiarity with handling transactions), then her awards/certifications (which emphasize her reliability and her professional successes), then her experience, and finally, her education.Bella’s experience is mostly in food service, and includes part-time jobs. She includes the part-time jobs because those helped develop skills she listed above, like customer service and an out going personality. Bella’s high school experience is important to note, because she has completed her diploma, but unless her school experience is directly relevant to the job she’s applying for (in this case it’s not), she wisely just lists the school and the diploma.Let’s look at Marty, who has more experience, but is seeking a seasonal retail position (back-to-school, holiday season, etc.) rather than a full-time gig.Download This Resume in MS WordMarty puts his cards on the table up front: he’s a student, he has retail experience, and he’s not looking to put a ring on it- he just wants to find a gig for the upcoming holiday season. He opens with a detailed summary, with a brief statement and then a handful of bullets outlining his deal. An important point in his bullets: that he’s available to work a variety of shifts, which is key for a store looking to hire someone to come in and get their hands dirty even when others are at hom e eating leftover turkey.Next, he lists his experience, to show that he’s a pro at the seasonal holiday game. He may have other jobs along the way, but he’s not looking for a career here- he focuses on the seasonal retail experience he already has, so that the reader doesn’t have to cut through a bunch of information that isn’t necessarily relevant to the immediate goal of hiring for a brief period.Our final retail resume-writer is Erica, who’s got a lot of retail associate experience behind her, but wants to jump up a level in the store management food chain.Download This Resume in MS WordErica’s resume shows an accomplished retail professional. But what she needs, if she wants to apply for higher-level retail jobs and not associate-level jobs, is to show that she has demonstrated leadership. Thus, the first skill she lists is rallying team members (check) to increase sales (check-plus) in her experience. The remainder of her skill bullets are used to show the breadth of her retail experience. This format, the skills-based resume, is helpful for someone like Erica, who wants to emphasize that she has what it takes to step into a bigger role, not just the kind of job she’s already had. Even though she’s not changing career paths, she’s trying to change up her career within that path, and this format can be useful when you want to show what you can be, in addition to what you’ve already done.Erica also provides as much detail as possible, without crowding her resume. The overall sales of her current store, with some concrete stats on how she’s helped increase sales, are very impressive, and don’t take up much space in the resume. Erica is letting results do the talking for her. An interview is a great chance to provide more context than resume bullets allow, but whenever you have specific numbers and information you can include, that will likely catch the attention of the reader and help get you into the next round. Erica also goes out of her way to include various awards, which show she’s been a superstar at her current job. Overall, the picture here is of someone who has been successful, and has the drive to keep going and improving sales.

Developing Hospitality properties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Developing Hospitality properties - Essay Example So, the advertising will consist of direct mail, banner ads, and inserts. Also, special efforts will be taken to ensure the appearance of special articles about the restaurant in newspapers and other health magazines. This is so because it has been found that such articles have the potential to attract people easily and convince them. It has been found that restaurants and other businesses which manage to have articles published in newspapers and magazines experience dramatic growth in business. So, personal relationships will be utilised to achieve this aim. Allen Pasta Restaurant aims to offer its customers the best and most delicious pasta meal in the city. Also, this will be offered in the best and most pleasing ambience. Furthermore, special attention will be taken to ensure that the customers are given a better service than they anticipated (Marketing strategy, 2000). Thus, it becomes evident that Allen’s customers are aged from 25-55, who are responsible for 62% of the total consumption in the city of -------. Though age is not a matter of important concern, Allen’s customers will be young working people and families with an income above $ 40,000. Another point is the increasing health-consciousness in the city. So, a considerable proportion of the customers will be the health-conscious eaters of the city who are willing to spend money for healthy eating options. Allen Pasta Restaurant wants to position itself as an average-priced, upscale, pasta restaurant. The customers will be the ones who love quality and tasty pastas, health-conscious, educated individuals, groups, and families, usually within the age of 25-50. Service- In order to ensure that the customers are offered the best service experience in the city, the employees will be given special training. Only quality employees will be deployed. It is calculated that better product along with better service will help the company beat its rivals. The most important

UNIT 4 DISCUSSION BOARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 4 DISCUSSION BOARD - Essay Example This is why managers should base their pricing decision on solid ground. Major factors that should be considered are the market (i.e. customer demand), cost, actions of competitors, and political, legal, and image related issues. The process of determining customer demand is critically essential and continuous. It is even necessary to conduct market research. Though internal and production aspects such as quality are vital, managers must make certain that the product is not priced out of the market. The function of costs is based almost completely on market forces. Producers must meet the market by charging prices below the market price. Generally, both market forces and cost factors greatly affects prices. If a manager wants to effectively decide on pricing, he or she must keep an eye on the market. However, it should also be noted that costs must be covered in the long run. (http://www.canberra.edu.au/uc/lectures/mantech/accounting/sem981/unit4827/Lecture_Week_3_-_Pricing.txt). The pricing decisions that a manager makes should achieve the firm’s financial goals (i.e. profitability); meet up with the realities of the marketplace (by evaluating whether the consumers will buy at that price?); and keep up with the positioning of a product and with the other variables in the marketing mix. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing#A_well_chosen_price_should_do_three_things:) However, legal issues should still be considered in pursuing these ends. Legislative restrictions are necessary because they prevent the possible setbacks or damages that individual firms’ pricing decisions could cost other firms, the consumers, or the economy in the aggregate. The law influences pricing decisions to entail responsibility. It creates awareness on the part of the firm to evaluate the consequences of their pricing decisions in a greater perspective. Moreover, the law influences pricing decisions in the sense that given price restrictions,

My Future Goals Essay Example for Free

My Future Goals Essay The purpose of this assignment is to look into my future and come up with achievable goals to be successful in my career, personal and academic endeavors. Napoleon Hill states, â€Å"The starting point of all achievement is desire. (Think and Grow Rich, 2005). So, your first step in goal setting and achieving your dreams is that youve got to really want to achieve the goal. My personal goal is to use my time management skills to keep organized in my class assignments. As a matter of fact, keeping organized will make my leisure time much more enjoyable. To achieve this goal I will use time management to make a schedule of all my classes. I have a very busy life and setting this goal will work in all areas of my life. Read more: My future plan essay In addition, my academic goals are to finish college with an Associate of Applied Science Degree in Information Technology. My future career depends on the completion of this degree. In as little as 2 years I will complete my online degree and be able to confront my ultimate challenges and have a successful career. Equally as important writing down the goal, the plan and a timeline sets events in motion that may not have happened otherwise. Furthermore, my career goal goes hand in hand with my academic goal. I have to finish my degree in order for my professional and career goal to be achievable. I want to work in the IT field. I would like to find a company that offers internship programs for students while attending college. This will be a long road but will be worth it in the end. I do have the support of my family, friends, and academic advisors. With all this support I can achieve my future goals.

Hoboes and Tramps :: Unemployment Poor Essays

Hoboes and Tramps Hoboes and tramps represented significant figures in America’s history. The phenomenon of â€Å"Hobohemia,† the world of hoboes that was subject to its own indoctrinations, tells us much about the social and cultural climate of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Moreover, in examining the â€Å"others† of society, we gain a far better perspective of what circumstances modernist writers were working under. A hobo is defined as a migratory worker who is usually unskilled. Although a tramp is basically defined in the same manner, a certain distinction exists. It is often said that the difference lies in the fact that a hobo wandered and worked, a tramp wandered and didn’t work, while a bum, another similar term, neither wandered nor worked. Becoming widespread in the depression of the 1890’s, the term hobo may have come from the slogan for farmhand, â€Å"hoe-boy,† or the phrase for â€Å"good man,† â€Å"homo bonus,† or from simply yelling â€Å"Ho! Boy!† while on the road.[1] The most important aspect of the rise of hoboes and tramps was the advent of railroads and the ability to move to different parts of the country. After the Civil War, many veterans were out of work, restless, and displaced; thus, they set out to travel and find new means for a better life. Described as a â€Å"tramp army,† these early vagrants were not viewed positively by the general public. Many Americans were unfamiliar with the problems associated with wage labor, mainly unemployment. Therefore, the tramps were not regarded as people who were simply out of work and looking for a new job, but at times as savages and symbols of evil.[2] As the nineteenth century came to a close, many of the tramps had already been on the road for close to twenty years. Their endless pursuit for a better life became in itself a way of life known as â€Å"Hobohemia.† Another distinction between tramps and hoboes is seen at the turn of the century. Tramps represented the earlier migrants in the post-Civil War times, while hoboes were tramps who had lived a large part of their lives as vagrants, thus interacting with other hoboes and forming a type of sub-culture that was independent, organized and at times political.

Ap Us History American Colonies Essay

Hello and welcome to the exciting world that is Advanced Placement United States History. You are now a member of an elite group: students who dare to take on an exceptionally challenging course. The risks are great, but then so are the potential gains. We will take on this challenge together and when you are done, you will be justifiably proud of yourself. This course is a one-year class designed to allow the student a head start on college level work, improve writing skills, sharpen problem solving techniques, and develop study habits necessary for rigorous course work. This course is equivalent to a one semester introductory (freshman) level college U.S. history. This summer’s assignment comes as a result of the time constraints placed on us all in covering the immense content in APUSH over nine months. To allow for more an in depth study of the various periods of American History, it is necessary to cover the first 350 years of history during the summer, individually, with some exceptionally readable non-fiction histories. You will be tested over the material covered in American Colonies when you return to school in August. The assigned reading is: †¢ Taylor, Alan, † American Colonies: The Settling of North America†, Part I Encounters: CH 1-5 pp. 3-113, Part II Colonies: CH 6-12, pp. 117-272, and Part III Empires: CH 13 – 19 pp. 275 – 480. THE â€Å"AMERICAN COLONIES† BOOK SHOULD BE PICKED UP FROM MY CLASSROOM (#20) BY WEDNESDAY, MAY 19TH. THE COST OF THE BOOK WILL BE BILLED TO YOU. Read the book carefully. As you read, follow the instructions for the book analysis on pages 3-7 of this document. AMERICAN COLONIES: THE SETTLING OF NORTH AMERICA Alan Taylor READING & NOTE-TAKING GUIDE As you read, you will take notes of crucial information to be described below. You are encouraged to highlight and/or underline key passages in the book and to annotate the text for your future reference. The first unit  that we will investigate in the fall semester is about the American Colonies. This corresponds to Chapters 1 – 6 in the textbook, Out of Many. You will find this book, American Colonies, by Alan Taylor, a helpful supplement to the textbook. And, as you study the textbook in the fall semester, you will identify some conflicting ideas regarding the historical significance of some events. This can serve as food for, and illustrations of, the thought processes that will help you to be successful in your study of this course. As you read Part II, identify and take notes about the following information for each colony and colonial group: †¢ The name of the colony †¢ The founding country †¢ The date on which it was founded †¢ The name(s) of the founder(s) †¢ Why it was founded †¢ The type of colony it was (royal, proprietary, etc.) †¢ Difficulties after founding: both in the short- and long-term. This includes conflicts within the colony as well as outside of the colony. †¢ Any changes in type (self-rule to royal, etc.) Also, as you read, write down any words that you do not know and, periodically, look up their definitions or meanings in a dictionary. A successful AP US History student will always have a good collegiate dictionary at his/her disposal. During thesecond week of school you will be tested on this material. Focus Questions: As you read, consider the following focus questions to help guide your reading. In thinking about colonial development, consider the political, economic, and social structure of each colonial region. Further, consider the factors that influenced the relations with the Native Americans in each colonial region. 1. How did religion shape the development of the New England colonies? 2. What role did geography and tobacco play in the development of the Chesapeake? 3. Analyze and compare and contrast family life in New England. Pay attention to the role of women. 4. Why did the first major slave rebellion, the Stono Rebellion, take place in the Carolinas? 5. How did the fur trade and religion shape the development of New France? 6. In what ways did conquest, religion, and geography interact in the Spanish colonies of the American Southwest? Directions: Students are to read carefully both books. Each chapter will have a set of questions/list of topics for which short answer responses will be asked to probe for understanding. Since this assignment is done on MICROSOFT WORD, the student need only to load the file on the computer and then bring it up on the computer screen where they can provide answers based upon what is asked for in the question. The goal is not to fish for a specific answer(s), but to ask the student probing questions for a critical understanding of what the questions are asking. Short analytical quotes are permissible; however, we do not want the student to copy the material directly from the book. It should be written in the student’s own voice as a summary of understanding. Chapter 1: Natives: 1. Pre-Columbian America is â€Å"fraught with controversy.† What were these conflicts? Some writers depict Pre-Columbian Americans as ecological and social saints that lived in harmony with each other and nature. However due to the mythology of European colonizers, some writers believe that the Indians were warlike savages with a primitive culture. 2. What are Taylor’s three ideas which he argues about migration? North and South America were the last continents occupied by people. Siberia to Alaska offered the readiest passage from the Old World to the New World. The period from 15,000 and 12,000 years ago was an ideal time from crossing into North America. 3. In the New World, Old world explorers encountered complex and diverse peoples. Who were these New World people? Where were they? What was left of the Hohokam was encountered by Spanish explores in the sixteenth century. These Natives lived in the hills and along the rivers in what is now southern Arizona. 4. How did some natives’ culture demand less of the environment than that of other natives? Some Natives stayed in one area which depleted the soil and wild game. Other Natives moved from place to place following their food supply. Chapter 2: Colonizers: 1. Why does Taylor makes a big issue over environmentalism? The environment worked to the European’s benefit because it gave them a whole new supply of natural resources. However, the environmental revolution worked against the native peoples and caused their population to decrease. 2. What caused the expansion of Europe—and why? The expansion of Europe was caused by the population explosion in the seventeenth and eighteenth century that was made possible by imported food plants developed by the Indians. The increase in population traveled to settle the Americas. 3. What were the two major religions of the age of expansion? How do they come to impact the new world? The two major religions were European Christianity and those of the Muslim faith. The competition between the Muslims and the Christians was about trade to Asia. By trying to find and alternate route to Asia, the Christians explored the Atlantic which ultimately led them to the discovery of the New World. 4. Why is the Atlantic Ocean such a central vital environmental concern for the colonizers? The Atlantic Ocean was much stormier and harder to navigate than the shallow seas that the Europeans were accustomed to. 5. Once across the Ocean, what were contributions of the colonizers to the New England area? The colonizers cleared the land for planting and grazing, but the biggest impact was the epidemics they brought to the native peoples that caused them to die in great numbers. 6. What does Taylor say about slavery in the new world? The colonists enslaved the people to work on sugar plantations, and the colonists justified their actions by saying that slavery would ultimately save the Indians’ souls from hell. 7. How significant was Renaissance science and technology for the colonizers? The discoveries of the New World launched new interest in science and technology which the colonists later benefitted from. Chapter 3: New Spain. Using short paragraphs, summarize Taylor’s assessment of the following: 1. Conquests: In the sixteenth century, the Spanish colonized parts of the North and South America and the Caribbean. Due to their fear of the Spanish Empire, the French, Portuguese, English, and the Dutch attempted to take some of the colonized land from the Spanish. The Spanish also raided Central America where they took slaves who told them about the riches of the Aztec Empire. The greatest advantage that the Spanish had in their conquests was the various diseases that they unintentionally passed on to the Indians. 2. Conquistadores: Conquistador expeditions were private and led by independent military contractors for profit. They usually had a license from the crown which gave the country a portion of any treasure claimed by the conquistador. The overriding trait for a conquistador was greed. Also,  conquistadores believed that anything they did was acceptable because they forced pagans to accept Christianity and Spanish rule. 3. Consolidation: The Spanish crown feared the conquistadores had too much power to rule New Spain. The crown also thought that they killed or enslaved too many Indians who might have become Christians and tax paying subjects. Eventually, many leading conquistadores died fighting each other or were forced into retirement by the crown. 4. Colonists: During the sixteenth century, about 250,000 Spanish immigrated to the Americas. People from all social classes went, but the middle classes skilled artisans dominated. Women rarely emigrated which resulted in the men taking wives among the Indians. This mixing resulted in a castas social system. 5. Empire: The center of the Spanish Empire consisted of Mexico and Peru. The American Empire was divided into two large administrative regions called viceroyalties. They were governed by a viceroy that was appointed by the king. The viceroyalty of New Spain was made of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean islands. Peru included all of South America except Portuguese Brazil. 6. Gold & Silver: Mexico and Peru produced a large amount of gold and silver. Between 1500 and 1650, the Spanish shipped about 181 tons of gold and 16,000 tons of silver from America to Europe. While this seemed like a good idea at first, it actually led to economic inflation. This eventually led to the decline of the Spanish military and economy during the seventeenth century. Chapter 4: â€Å"The Spanish Frontier†: 1. How and why does Florida became the focus of Spain? Florida becomes the focus of Spain because so many Spanish ships hauling royal revenue were attacked off of Florida’s coast. To combat this, the Spanish crown established a fortified colony along the Atlantic coast of Florida. 2. Spain reaches west to New Mexico—use of the Adelanto system. Who was Onate? He was the viceroy who was given the job of founding the colony of New Mexico. He founded New Mexico among the Pueblo people who he greatly exploited and eventually massacred, maimed, and enslaved. He was eventually found guilty of adultery and abusing Indians and colonists. 3. What significance can be attached to New Mexico Missions? Franciscans. By 1628, the friars had fifty missions in the Rio Grande Valley. These churches had thousands of converts. 4. What was the Pueblo Revolt, how did it begin and what happen to cause the fanaticism? After years of on and off conflict with the governors and the Franciscans, the Pueblo vented their rage by destroying missions, farms, and ranches. The Pueblos in the uprising made a special point to desecrate churches and mutilate the corpses of priests. Chapter 5: Canada & Iroquoia [a shift in geography, a new culture, and very different group of Native Americans] 1. What were the two major Native American cultural groups? How were they distinct? Algonquian and Iroquian. These two groups of Indians were distinct because of their cultures and languages. 2. The key for economic development was the fur trade of New France. Why was that so? Fur trading by the Europeans and Natives made them mutually dependent on each other. 3. How and why did trade develop? Discuss. The French traders developed alliances with the Northern Algonquians and later the Hurons of the Iroquian culture. 4. How did the fur trade operate in its widest applications Fur trading with the Indians began when the Indians exchanged furs with the colonists fishing at Newfoundland. The Indians desired shiny beads and copper, while the colonists highly valued furs. Due to overhunting in Europe, furs were scarce and very expensive. 5. Analyze and characterize The Five Nations. Who were they? The Five Nations Iroquois lived in large, fortified hilltop villages. The women farmed large fields that fed the young men so that they could go to war. They could travel long distances to launch raids against many enemies. 6. What impact did old world disease have upon new world natives? Between 1633 and 1635, smallpox and measles killed half of the Iroquois population. 7. How important was the formation and development of Dutch trade system & involvement? It led to a situation in which the Iroquois and the French needed each other as enemies in order to maintain the Dutch traders at Fort Orange. 8. In the new world the French brought the militant Jesuits to catholicize the new world. Did it work? It did not work. The Iroquois eventually killed or ran off all of the Jesuit priests and their converts. Chapter 6: Virginia: 1570-1650 1. How did English colonization differ from that of the Spanish and French? What was a later outcome of this difference? English colonization was different from the colonization of the Spanish and the French because the English colonized the mid-Atlantic seaboard. The French and Spanish believed that this area was too cool for tropical crops but too warm for the best furs. This colonization led the colonists to the discovery of the prime commodity of tobacco in 1616. Tobacco permitted an explosive growth in population, territory, and wealth. 2. How did Sir Walter Raleigh characterize the relationship between trade and power? Ralegh believed that whoever commanded trade was the lord of the world’s wealth. 3. What was the role of Roanoke? Roanoke was established because the island was buffered by dangerous shoals and long sandbanks. Because of the island’s location, the English believed that Roanoke promised obscurity from Spanish discovery and attack. 5. Who were the â€Å"sturdy beggars†? Sturdy beggars were English peasants who had been made homeless and unemployed by increased agricultural productivity and national wealth. This occurred because of a loss of common lands formally worked by the peasants. 6. Who was Powhatan? What is the character of the Native Americans in the area? Powhatan was the paramount chief of about 24,000 Indians that were divided into thirty tribes. These Indians were united by an Algonquian language. These Native Americans were distinct because of the mobile way of life and the way that they divided tasks along gender lines. 7. What was the importance of tobacco cultivation? Tobacco allowed the colonists to produce a commodity that consumers would pay high prices for in England. 7. What was the â€Å"headright† system? If a man could pay his way over on a ship to Virginia, he would be given fifty acres of land and another fifty acres for every servant or relative whose way he also paid on the ship. Chapter 7: Chesapeake Colonies: 1650-1750 1. Who were the leaders of the Chesapeake colonies? Hard-driving merchants and planters of the middle class claimed the highest offices in the Chesapeake colonies. 2. Who were the workers in the Chesapeake colonies prior to 1676? The workers in the colonies were indentured servants who were now planters  and their families. The successful planters consolidated to form large plantations which forced newly freed servants to become tenant farmers or move to the frontier. 3. What were the frustrations of freedmen, and to where did they move? The freedmen either had to become tenant farmers, or they had to move to the frontier where they later had problems with Indians. 4. Characterize Governor Berkeley. He spoke against Virginia’s economic addiction to tobacco. He felt that the people under his rule were so desperately poor that they might decide to team up with the Indians to raid the colony to better themselves. Berkeley was well liked by the wealthiest colonists, and he gave the wealthy well paying public offices as well as other perks. 5. What was his policy toward Indians? Berkeley opposed killing off the Indians because it would end the profitable deer skin trade that he and his friends enjoyed. 6. Describe the rebellion led by Nathanial Bacon. Bacon led a group of elite planters who were upset with Berkeley and a rival group of planters who resented their lack of offices and other rewards. They gained support among the common planters and servants by promising to help them. They attacked the governor and his supporters and ran them out of Jamestown in September 1676. 7. How did the British Crown respond, and what happened to Governor Berkeley? The king said the Berkeley was â€Å"an old fool†, so he sent an army to restore order in Jamestown. Governor Berkeley and his supporters were run out of Jamestown in September 1676 by the attackers. 8. How did the Chesapeake planters respond to the declining supply of white laborers? Chesapeake planters turned to African slaves to replenish servants who had become too scarce and expensive to keep. 9. What, then, did the planters do in order to keep the slaves intimidated? How did they, then, treat the common white man? The planters formed a colonial militia made up of common white men to keep the slaves from rebelling. The planters no longer feared the common white man. 9. What colonies comprised the Chesapeake group? Virginia and Maryland. Chapter 8: New England: 1600-1700 1. Compare and contrast the settlers in New England with those in the Chesapeake colonies. Both colonies were generated due to the social and economic pressures within England. Unlike the Chesapeake colonists, the New England colonists were â€Å"middling sorts†. However, the Chesapeake colonists were poor and short-lived indentured servants. 2. What colonies comprised New England? New England was compromised of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. 3. What was the topography of New England? New England was very cold and rocky. There were also many seaports in the New England area. 4. Who were the principal early settlers in New England? The Puritans were the first people to settle in New England. They decided to leave the Church of England and have their own way of worshipping because they did not like the monarch’s religious aspects. They also came to share and preach the gospel to those who were lost. 5. Contrast labor and land ownership in New England with that in the Chesapeake colonies. The New England colonies granted land to mean who banded together to found a town, but the Chesapeake colonies’ leaders allocated land directly to wealthy individuals. In New England, the town was a local government which was fundamental to its politics. However, the Chesapeake colonies relied of the larger county. 6. Characterize the Puritans. What was their motivation in coming to the New World? What were the principal tenets of their religion? Faith and economics aspired the Puritans to come to the New World. The Puritans were angry with their Anglican rulers, and they thought that in New England they could purify their churches, supervise one another, and enact a code of laws derived from the Bible. The Puritans also believed that New England would allow them to have a fresh economic start. 7. Describe the Great Migration. John Winthrop was the promoter of the Great Migration. It was the most significant emigration of Puritans to the New England area. The colonists in the New England territory fared much better than the Virginia colonists. 8. How did the Puritans reconcile their religion with the profit motive? The Puritans first tried to make some money. To help in keeping the people calm, the Puritans started supervising one another, purifying their churches, and making many laws. They maintained peace and order throughout their towns. 9. Why were the Puritans concerned with a: Theocracy? Education? Morality? Where they as bad as contemporary writers have alleged? The Puritans wanted a theocracy because it was the study of God and religion. They wanted to spread the word of God throughout the entire world and having a theocracy would help them in that goal. Because the Puritans always wanted growth in their towns, they always sent their children to school to learn about their colony. 9. What were the principal trades in New England? (How did the people make their money?) New England used the fishing industries as their principal trade because their soil made it hard to grow crops. The Puritans learned to  tolerate the fishermen because they made large sums of money, even though they had no morals. Timber was also a good business for the Puritans. 9. What was the economic relationship between New England and the West Indies? The New England colonists took their timber and fish to the West Indies. They would in return get molasses, tobacco, and rum for their colony. They would sometimes also get servants to work on small plantations. 11. Characterize the Bible Commonwealth. The Bible Commonwealth believed that if they did good deeds for others that in return they would receive salvation and save others. They were against worshipping idols, breaking the Sabbath, practicing magic, and blaspheming. They also believed that they were the only people that were right. 12. What was the influence of Harvard University graduates on the Puritan hierarchy? The graduates were usually very important men that influenced their society in a positive manner. These men were also ministers of England. 13. Characterize Rhode Island. How did it influence Massachusetts and Connecticut? Rhode Island did not judge people by their looks or their background. They kept their state ideas and problems completely away from their church ideas and problems. Connecticut and Massachusetts did not look highly upon Rhode Island, but they were thankful for them when M&C had problematic people. 14. Why did New England ultimately fail as a â€Å"City upon a Hill?† New England ultimately failed because the English showed no interest in their colonies. To most people in England, the Puritan experiment seemed at best strange. New England also appeared irrelevant after the triumphant restoration of the monarchy in 1660. 15. Why was there such a flap over the Witchcraft Issue? Where did it  occur? People were frequently accused of witchcraft because most people did not feel safe with strange events that occurred around them. They believed that the strange things that happened had a supernatural meaning. Witchcraft took place in almost the entire New England area, but it mainly happened in Salem, Massachusetts and Virginia. Chapter 9: Puritans and Indians 1. List several concerns Taylor discusses in this chapter about the culture and contributions of the Natives The Natives did not waste their land at all. They planted only what was necessary for them to get through the winter and summer months. While the men would be out hunting animals, the women would tend to the fields. Colonists soon took over and took the Natives’ land away. However, the Natives supplied the colonists with tools in order to make a high profit. 2. What was the issue of property? What was meant by tribute? Were the natives exploited? Why? The colonists did not like that the Natives were wasting their land. The colonists made the Natives mad by clearing out the forests which made all of their game leave. Tribute was opportunities with trade between the Indians and the colonists. Yes, because the colonists took advantage of the Natives and gave them less than what they deserved. 3. Discuss the Pequot War. What were the important elements, and what was the result? The Pequot War was the first major battle between the Indians and the English. The Pequot War started in 1636. The war occurred because the colonists wanted more land, so they told the Indians to pay them in wampum. The colonists also wanted the Native children held as hostages. Only five natives were able to survive the war because the colonists set fire to the village. 4. Discuss King Philip’s War. What were the important elements, and what was the result? What type of war did it eventually become? King Philip’s War began because the colonists hung three Natives because they had allegedly killed a praying town Indian. A civil war soon broke out with Indians due to this. Since the Indian rebels ran out of food, they either had to join to other Indians or were killed. 5. What was the deal about â€Å"praying towns?† What did it purport to do? The purpose of praying towns was to do missionary work in a safer environment. Praying towns also kept the Indians under close supervision and pressured them to change religions. The main components of Praying towns were weak and small bands of Indians. The Indians had to give up their culture to become English. 6. What ultimate end came as victory, and yet, end in defeat? The Indians destroyed the colonist’s fields and towns. They made French raids throughout the years which caused much havoc for the English. As a result, the English came back taking all their towns and bringing new people with them. Chapter 10: The West Indies 1. What is Taylor’s motivation to have us explore the West Indies in this chapter? In order for colonists to be rich, every colony had to have a good export crop to support them. The leading export crop in the West Indies was sugar. Because of the price of sugar, many men became rich off of it. Slaves were often used in sugar plantations. 2. What significance doe Taylor attach to Barbados? Discuss. The unusual thing about Barbados is that there were pigs all over the island. They estimated that thousands of wild pigs roamed around the entire island. The pigs also supported the early colonists until they destroyed their herds by wasting them. 3. What is revealing to the reader from the map of the West Indies? Today, the West Indies are still predominately English speaking countries. However, many islands were discovered by the English Empire because they controlled trade. 4. Discuss the major demand for the use of slavery, from whence did it come and who benefited? Slaves were mainly used to work in the sugar plantations. A large number of workers were needed to cultivate all of the crops. Eventually convicts and criminals were sent to work as slaves on the plantations. This was the period that African American slaves began to come to the Americas. The English tradesmen benefited from slavery. 5. Taylor boldly declares that sugar was a rich man’s crop. Why? What demand did it have outside the western hemisphere? Why the need for commercialization and hence colonization? Although there was a big profit from sugar, it cost a lot of money to grow. Many rich men started sugar plantations because they required expensive machinery, technical knowledge, precise timing, and strenuous labor. Many colonists came to the West Indies to make a profit off of sugar because the English used it to sweeten their tea. 6. Discuss the planter aristocracy. Analyze the social strata for the West Indies population. The planters aristocracy was an elite group of gentlemen that made a large amount of money off of the plantations in the West Indies. Corporations that could not make it alone were often bought out by the aristocracy, who gave them more land. The social hierocracy was divided into three parts: the planter elite, the middle class planters, and the slaves. 7. Finally, what does Taylor have to say about the importance of Jamaica? What is his central argument? The Jamaicans welcomed the people that left Barbados. The new colonists eventually produced more sugar than ever before on the island of Barbados. Jamaica also held many refugee camps for maroons who in turn helped catch runaway slaves. Chapter 11: Carolina: 1670-1760 1. Who were the initial settlers of Carolina? The initial settlers of Carolina were a group of West Indies planters. They named Carolina after King Charles II, and they formed the colony during the 1670s. The colony was later governed by eight proprietors. 2. What was the purpose for the settlement of Carolina? The purpose of the settlement of Carolina was to become a big plantation settlement. It offered many possibilities for the farmers because the land in the Carolina was very fertile. 3. Characterize the topography of Carolina. Carolina had many coastal plains that had good fertile soil. It also had rivers that provided irrigation for the crops. The swamps in the Carolina area also helped the colonists in various ways. 4. Characterize the climate of Carolina. The summers in Carolina were very long and were hot and humid. Unlike the summers, the winters were short and cold. Because the Englishmen could not stand the hot summers, they usually went away for the humid summers. 5. What was the concern about interaction between the Indians and the slaves? The colonists were worried that the slaves and Indians would join together and team up against the colonists. The colonists knew that they would be defeated because their numbers could not compare to that of the slaves and Indians. 6. How did the leadership of Carolina go about keeping the Indians and the slaves separate? If the Indians caught a runaway slave, they were promised to be given a large amount of goods by the colonists. Therefore, the Indians were constantly looking for runaway slaves to get guns, ammunition, and clothes. 7. Where was rice grown in Carolina? Rice was planted in the wet lowlands of Carolina. The colonists attempted to plant the rice in a climate that was identical to west Africa. 8. Who taught the planters how to grow rice? The slaves from west Africa taught the colonists how to grow rice. 9. How much rice was grown in the first half of the 1700s? What was the effect of this rice on the economy? During the first half of the 1700s, there was forty-five million pounds of rice grown. Rice became the second largest exported plant in Europe . 9. What was a second valuable plantation crop? The second most valuable crop was indigo. Indigo was used as blue dye in the clothing factories in England. 10. How much did this crop increase in growth between 1750 and 1760? The crop increased approximately 437,000 pounds between 1750 and 1760. 11. What was the effect of working conditions and climate on slave mortality? Many slaves were worked to death. The mortality rate increased in Carolina because the climate was much hotter than that of the West Indies. 13. What else did the imported Africans introduce to Carolina? Who was affected by this disease? The Africans brought many diseases to Carolina that the Indians had never been exposed to. Malaria was by far the worst disease that was introduced to the Indians. Carolina planters were the main people that were affected by the diseases, but the Indians were also greatly affected. 14. What was the growing fear of the planters? Since the black slaves outnumbered the white planters, they were afraid that their slaves would team up against them and make a rebellion against the whole planter elite. 15. What actions did the planters take in response to this fear? Due to this fear, the planters kept the slaves as busy as possible. The planters also adopted the West Indies slave system, so the slaves were constantly watched and had cruel punishments. 16. What became a reality near Charles Town on the Stono River, and when? A real slave rebellion began on September 9, 1739. Seven plantations were burned, and their owners were killed. 17. Who were the founders of Georgia? British imperialists and Carolina officials. 18. What role does Oglethorpe play? He led the first group of colonists to Savannah, Georgia, and he was also the leader of the Georgia Trustees who was a group of social reformers interested in Georgia. He could have been known as the leader of Georgia. 19. How was the colony financed, and what was the significance of that? The colony was primarily funded by the crown and parliament. However, charitable donations were also made by various people. Georgia was the first colony funded by British taxpayers. 20. Compare and contrast land ownership in Georgia with the other Southern colonies, especially for the purpose of increasing the number of whites willing to work and capable of bearing guns. Georgia did not accept slavery at first and rejected using black men as slaves. However, the white ethnicity was still dominated. 21. Why does Taylor have a section in which he discusses the gun trade? Indians would listen and help the white settlers control their slaves, if the white men would trade them their guns. This made it easier on the settlers. 22. Who were the Raiders and what is revealed about these groups? The Raiders were Westo Indians who spoke the Iroquoian language. They originated from the Indians around Lake Erie. The Westo Indians eventually destroyed all of the Cusabo people. 23. What good reasons does Taylor have for discussing â€Å"terror† in the territory? Many white planters were scared that the slaves would rebel and kill all of them throughout all of the colonies. The European countries would be put in debt if all of the white planters were killed. Destruction was horrible when the slaves rebelled. 24. What were the main points of Georgia governing? The main governing power of Georgia was the Georgia Trustees. The crown and parliament also governed Georgia by funding every expense they had. 25. What characteristic did the low country of Georgia and South Carolina replicate? Georgia and Carolina replicated the West Indies plantation system. They also relied on slaves to work for them in their large agricultural businesses. 26. What is Taylor’s final conclusion about this area during this century? Georgia and Carolina provided many opportunities for the settlers, whether it was a settler that got a big piece of land or a small piece of land. Chapter 12: Middle Colonies: 1600 – 1700 1. What region did the English neglect during the early 17th Century? The English neglected the area between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake Bay colonies. 2. Describe the topography and climate of the mid-Atlantic region. Compare and contrast with New England and the Chesapeake. The land in the mid-Atlantic region was fertile, unlike the rock soil of New England. There were three major rivers that provided irrigation and fish. The Chesapeake colonies were also much more sickly than the mid-Atlantic regions. 3. Who took advantage of this neglect? The Swedes and the Dutch took advantage of the neglect, and this also led them to build small colonies in the Delaware and Hudson valleys. 4. How did England react to those who took advantage? At first, the English starting protesting, but later they could do nothing about it because they were very weak compared to the Dutch. The English became very jealous of the Dutch because the Dutch were becoming very wealthy. The English rose up in power and started trying to take back the middle colonies. 5. What was the progression of colonial types (royal, proprietary, etc.)? At first, they were propriety colonies because England had lacked dues when they were established. Once the crown grew back in wealth, they were able to turn back into royal colonies 6. Describe the event and result of the English naval squadron in 1664. The English wanted respect from the colonists, so they wanted to take the New Netherlands away from the Dutch. In the end the English were successful because the Dutch had to thin their population to save both the Delaware and Hudson valleys. 7. Characterize the Dutch Empire. The people from the Dutch Empire were very smart and tactful of doing things. Most of their profits came from the sugar industry unlike the other European nations. They always took care of what they had and took care of it precisely. 8. Make a list of Dutch ( New Netherland ) contributions to the area. The Dutch built New Amsterdam which became a large seaport for trading ships. They also founded the first colonies in the middle colonies. 9. Who did the Dutch welcome that were not welcome in most European realms? The Dutch welcomed the Jews into their realm. They also welcomed many different religions that weren’t looked upon from the European people. They were the most diverse in the religious outlooks. 10. What is the significance of the phenomenon of Dutch trading companies losing money? The Dutch trading companies losing money helped them get a bigger profit than before. It also helped establish the Dutch West Indies trading company. 11. What economic advantage did Dutch shippers enjoy? Who took advantage of this? The Dutch shippers received more profit then the English ships because the Dutch charged thirty-three percent less. The English took advantage of it. 12. Describe the Navigation Acts. What was the significance of these acts? The Navigation Acts were documents that stated only English exports could sell English ships. They were also not allowed to trade or sell with any European countries. The acts began because the Dutch was charging less, so they all sold stuff to them which made the Dutch Empire more rich than the English. 13. Highlight the events between the English and New Netherlands in 1664 and 1667. English people sent war ships to conquer the New Netherlands because the Dutch were getting too powerful. After the Dutch surrendered, the English gave the garrison to Virginia. A peace treaty was then made in 1667 where the Dutch gave the New Netherlands to the English. 14. What resulted from these events with regard to the Indian nations? The English traded with the Mohawk and Iroquoian Indians, instead of the Dutch. They also increased the prices of their goods in order to make the Indians pay more. When other Indians started to attach the Mohawk and Iroquoian Indians, the English refused to help. 15. What action did the Duke of York take in 1664? What resulted from this action? The Duke of York gave the lands between the Delaware and Hudson valleys to two men. Then they sold it to two other men which were English and Scottish Quakers. The colony of New Jersey was then split in half. The Scottish Quakers ruled the east part of Jersey, while the English Quakers ruled the west part. 16. What situation was New Jersey left in? The crown reunited New Jersey in 1702 because it was not doing well. New Jersey was also not nearly as powerful economically and agriculturally as its two powerful neighboring colonies. This left New Jersey in the shadows of their great strength and achievements. 17. Who founded Pennsylvania , and why? William Penn founded Pennsylvania because he had always wanted a large colony of his own. 18. Explain the factional divide that set the older, non-Quaker settlements against the more numerous and mostly Quaker newcomers. The Non-Quakers thought the Quakers ere not a real religion and they had no right to be known as a religion. The Quakers also did not support slavery. 19. What action did Penn take when he was unable to reconcile these two regions? Penn thought that it would be best to make the Quakers a real religion by the King of England. The king made the Quakers a true religion and the non-Quakers started accepting them better. 20. What is the status of religion in the Middle Colonies? What is the status of religious dissenters? The religion in the Middle Colonies was very diverse. They also accepted every type of religion, and they did not persecute anyone who thought differently. As you read Part III, identify and take notes about the following specific details: Chapter 13: Revolutions: 1685-1730 1. Who succeeded King Charles I? Characterize his dealings with the American colonies. King James II, often known as the Duke of York, succeeded King Charles I. he often called the American colonies, â€Å"cash cows.† King James II only worried about the money the people made and not the people themselves. He thought the people should do as he said and respect the crown. 2. What action did Massachusetts take in 1678? Massachusetts stated that they thought the English laws did not reach the American colonies. The king did not like this, so he revoked their charter. He also made up all the governors in the surrounding colonies in order to have complete control. 3. Who was the governor-general? Explain what he did. The governor-general was Sir Edmund Andros. He levied taxes which made the mother country receive more money than the needy colonies. He replaced puritan officers with Anglican officers and he also made sure the Puritan clergy did not receive a salary from the crown. 4. What significant claim did the Reverend John Wise make in 1678? What was the importance of this claim? What response did Andros make to this claim? Reverend John Wise rallied a group of people to oppose the new taxes enforced by Andros. He stated since they had the same rights as Englishmen then they could not have levied taxes against them. Andros’ response was they had left English rights behind when they crossed the Atlantic Ocean. 5. What action did the Dominion take to enforce the Navigation Acts? Why was this a particular hardship on the colonists? The Dominion established a vice-admiralty court that condemned at least six merchant ships. This made some of their money useless because they could only trade with Englishmen. 6. By what name were the supporters of William, the Dutch Prince of Orange known? What did they call for? The supporters were known as Whigs. The Whigs wanted a Glorious Revolution, which meant a united group of English people had to come together. Later, the Glorious Revolution happened. Chapter 14: The Atlantic : 1700 – 1780 1. What effect did the Navigation Acts have on the Chesapeake and the West Indies ? The Navigation Act ordered that the Chesapeake and West Indies export their sugar to England. They were given bills of exchange that allowed them not to have any debt, since they exported more than they imported. 2. What effect did a growing economy have on free colonists? The free colonists were taxed less than the English and obtained a better income than those in England. They were also allowed to have a higher standard of living that their counterparts in Europe. 3. Explain the effect that a larger disposable income had on free colonists. They were able to but farms and raise livestock to support themselves. It also enabled them to build houses at a cheaper price. Since they made a little bit of extra money, they were able to live a healthier life style. 4. How many slaves did the British colonies import during the 18th Century? One and a half million slaves were imported during the eighteenth century. 5. What was the mortality rate among new slaves in the Chesapeake colonies during the early 18th Century? Since the Chesapeake colonies were fed much better and healthier than those in the West Indies, they survived longer. 6. How did the number of African-born slaves compare to the number of American-born by the mid-18th Century? The African born were still overpowering the numbers of the American born. Chapter 15: Awakenings: 1700 – 1775 1. Identify 10 facts about religion and religious establishments in the colonies 1700 – 1775. The colonist were required to attend and pay a tax to an established church in the colonies. Congregationalist sustained an especially impressive establishment in New England, except for Rhode Island, the Congregationalist had the largest denomination. Also, the New English owns enforced a Sabbath that restricted activity to the home and church, if you got caught working, playing or traveling, you got fined. 2. Describe the results of denominational reconciliation between the late 1740s and 1772. When they attracted more listeners and training ministers, they got together to celebrate their victory. They also did not care about the religious radical, so they got together. 3. Who was George Whitfield? What is his contributions? George Whitfield, a young Anglican minister, helped develop an evangelical style of preaching at differences with the church of England. He also became the first celebrity seen and heard by many colonists. He traveled and told many people about God. He helped the printing press get revolutionized by getting his stories printed. 4. Discuss Old Lights vs. New Lights—who was what? The New Lights were those people who believed in the divine grace and the Old Light were those who were against the evangelical style of preaching. The Old Lights believes in structural spiritual preaching with completely no emotions, while the New Lights believed in Whitefield’s preaching methods. Chapters 16 – 19 using the following topics Taylor discusses, outline why they are historically significant and what impact they had on colonial development. Chapter 16—French in America [1650-1750] 1. Emigrants Started going to Canada, the fur trading company district for the French. In 1673, the government wanted to save money, so they stopped which caused emigrants to stop coming. The emigrants helped develop many new towns that enriched France. 2. Geography The winters in French America were extremely long and cold. The river they had was the ST. Lawrence, which was frozen a lot of the time, so voyages were much longer. The emigrants were usually very few because of these harsh conditions. 3. Opportunity When the French lived in France, they were poor, but if they stayed in Canada, they had a higher standard of living. They would hunt game for food. The wives were treated mush better in Canada than in England. The women were able to own land or even live as nuns in convents. 4. Authority Louis XIV ruled over everyone at his house without and parliament rulers. He appointed three rival officials, a governor, a general, a civil administrator and a Catholic bishop. Although they sometimes fought, they always performed a decent job of keeping the French colonies orderly. 5. The Upper Country The Upper Country was a land full of forests and lakes. They also das a middle ground solutions that states that neither Indians nor colonists could dominate each other. They set up small refugee camps, so when the Indians were in trouble they could find a place of refuge 6. Louisiana Sieur de La Salle established Louisiana for King Louis XIV. They traded guns, ammunition and furs with the Indians. He geography of Louisiana was a very wet, swampy area with very hot summers. Colonists who lived there cared more about their slaves because they cost more than the soldiers. 7. Rebels and Allies Louisiana was split into two distinctive settlements. The first was a small plantation with settlers. The second was an immense hinterland dominated by Indians. The Natchez people decided to kill many of the settlers because they went into their territory. 8. Dependence The crown pulled upper country posts because they were so tired of losing money. The Indians depended on the French for trade, so the French got stuck with them. The French sold goods for less than the English, so they did not help the English Empire. Chapter 17—The Great Plains [1680-1800] 1. Villagers and Nomads The Villagers lived along the rivers of the southern plains. One group of villagers spoke Siouan which consisted of the Mandan, Hidatsa, Omaha and Ponca. The others were Caddoan speakers. The villagers would walk far out into the plain twice a year to hunt buffalo. The Nomads also hunted buffalo, but when they ran out they would kill their dogs and eat them. 2. The Bread Basket of the World The Bread Basket of the World was when the Villagers and Nomads would plant different foods. They would sometimes plant rice, wheat, potatoes, manioc or maire to feed themselves. They would plant a lot at one time and save it for the winter months. 3. Genizaros Genizaros were captives that worked for New Mexicans or were sent to work in the silver mines. Whenever they were taken captive, they were usually children and usually never returned home. The children worked on ranches and often suffered sexual exploitation. After 1740, the free Genizaros got together and formed small communities. Later, they obtained land and served New Mexico as border guards. 4. Horses and guns Horses first evolved in North America before spreading eastward. They became extinct in North America for some time, but they then returned to North America as domesticated animals kept by Hispanic colonists. As the Great Plains people obtained horses, they also obtained firearms. The primary reason they wanted guns were to defend their villages and raid their enemies. However, they still used bows for hunting their buffalo. 5. Texas The French traders traveled the Great Plains during the eighteenth century to seek people to trade items with. The Wichita Pawnee villagers got better firearms than the mission Indians and raided the Apache and Pueblo for captives to sell. In 1716, the Spanish built new missions in east Texas, where the Caddo people lived. 6. Comanche and Apache The Comanche were the big winners, but the Apache were aggressively catching up to the Comanche. The Comanche soon acquired horses as they moved southeast onto the southern plains. The Comanche would often raid the Apache for horses, women, children and buffalo territory. 7. Bourbon Reforms New Mexico was saved by Spanish officials during the 1770s and 1780s. The reform was very slow at first, but it progressed very quickly under the leadership of Teodoro de Croix, military commander of the northern frontier, Bernardo de Galvez, viceroy of New Spain and Juan Bautista de Anza, governor of New Mexico. 8. The Northern Plains The Northern Plains completion was between the British and French traders. It cost the British much less to get across the Northern Plains than it did the French. London merchants set up fortified trading posts on the bay’s western shore. The traders were more of a help than a threat to the colonists. Chapter 18—Imperial Wars and Crisis [1739-1775]: 1. Renewed War The British began to realize the increasing wealth and power of France. The French Empire began to grow in the West Indies because of their sugar plantations. Instead of directly attacking the French, the British attacked France’s ally, the Spanish. The British attacked Spanish shipping, ports, and islands around the Caribbean in hopes of restoring British predominance. 2. Balance of Power Both English and French imperialists recognized in North America that the Indians determined the balance of military power. Because the Indians dominated the forests between the two empires, they could obstruct the advance of their colonial enemy and destroy settlements. The Indians held the ultimate power position between the French and British. 3. Seven Years War Peace did not last long in the New World. In Nova Scotia, the British built a navy base at Halifax in 1749 to counter nearby Louisburg. Alarmed, the French built two new forts at the Bay of Fundy, which the British resented as an intrusion on their colony. The Seven Years War formed because of the French and British overacting to local aggressions. 4. Indian Rebellions The collapse of New France began a series of problems for the Indians. They could no longer play the French and the British off against one another to maintain their own independence, maximize their presents, and ensure trade competition. Most colonial traders cheated and abused Indians in pursuit of immediate profit, which ultimately led to many rebellions. 5. Imperial Crisis The Imperial Crisis was primarily about the colonists not wishing to pay taxes levied by a parliament in England in which they were not represented. This happened even though they were already taxed far less than Britain that lived in England. The tax demands of the British also happened at the same time the economy of the colonists was in a postwar depression. 6. Empire of liberty At first, the colonists wanted to remain a part of the Empire of Great Britain because they had such a good deal. Only after Great Britain began to insist on new taxes did they consider independence. The colonists did not want a war, and they thought that Great Britain would back down. After winning independence, the new Americans spread across the continent to the west as their military pushed the Indians and the Hispanics out of the way. Chapter 19—The Pacific [1760- 1820] 1. Russians The Russians came eastward across Siberia because of hunting. They traded in western Europe and eventually China in exchange for porcelain, tea, and silk. The Russian traders, known as promyshlenniki, were well armed and came in large number to intimidate the Siberian native people. The Russians also exposed the Siberians to diseases and alcohol which caused their population to be devastated. 2. Transcontinentalism The Russians continued this system of terror and forcing natives to produce skins in the Aleutians and Alaska. They wanted to set up something like the Hudson’s Bay Company in Canada, but they were not able to do so. 3. Alta California By the 1760s, the Spanish learned about the Russians being in the Aleutians Islands and were worried that they would go further south and west. They were also worried that the British would cross the Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, they ordered the colonization of California. 4. Crossings The Spanish failed to colonize the Alta California area to much extent because they lacked horticulture, precious metals, and adobe towns that the Spanish considered necessary for conquests and missions. The mountainous coast also provided few well-sheltered harbors for shipping. 5. Missions The Spanish thought that the California Indian cultures were stupid and insensible. They thought of the Indians as children who needed to be rescued, baptized, and converted to Catholicism. 6. Islands The Pacific Islands were not explored by the Spanish until the early sixteenth century when Magellan discovered a western route into the Pacific through the strait named for him. After this, the Spanish established a colony at Manila in the Philippines. 7. Nootka During 1778, Captain Cook sailed along the northwest coast of North America while going between Hawaii and Vancouver Island. During this time, Cook spent a month at an inlet on Vancouver Island’s west coast. This was mistakenly called Nootka by Cook. The Natives actually named this place Yuquot. This place and people were referred to as Nootka from that time on. 8. Kamehameha During the 1780s and the 1790s, Chief Kamehameha became the dominant chief of the Hawaiian islands. He defeated the chiefs of the other islands and unified Hawaii under one ruler. 9. Conclusions: What are they The Spanish lost out in North America because they were more interested in Catholic converts than establishing economic strongholds. The dominant power on the Pacific Rim became the United States. The United States also dominated from the Atlantic west to California, bought Alaska from the Russian, and absorbed Hawaii in 1898. Grading of the written assignments 1. The responses to the questions will be graded on: clarity, comprehension and understanding of the material. Each answer to the questions must be in your own words. DO NOT COPY WORD FOR WORD FROM THE READINGS!!! . 2. This assignment is worth 100 points So, there it is: Your summer assignment for AP United States History. Due Date and Submission Requirements: This assignment is due on Monday, August 8, 2011. (Of course you may submit it earlier, which I strongly suggest. Don’t wait until the last minute!!!) You MUST submit this summer assignment to Mr. Porter via email. Make sure you send the assignment as an attachment. SAVE A COPY OF YOUR EMAIL IN YOUR EMAIL SENT ITEMS FOLDER. The attachment must be in â€Å"Microsoft Word† or â€Å"PDF† format in order for me to read your work. SAVE A COPY OF THIS ASSIGNMENT ON YOUR COMPUTER!!!!! You may submit this assignment to one of two email addresses: 1. mimlog@hotmail.com (preferred) 2. tjrules1743@hotmail.com (only if first address does not work) I will reply to your email informing you it was received. If you do not hear from me within 24 hours, email me again to ensure I received your assignment. Make sure your name is stated on the email. If for some reason you are unable to email this assignment, then you may bring it to school by August 9th and a member of the office staff will put it in my mailbox (only as a last resort). Any work received without your name on it will NOT be graded and will receive in a grade of zero!!!!!! If you have any questions regarding this assignment, please email me and I’ll get back to you as soon as I can. (DON’T WAIT UNTIL AUGUST 8th!!!). I will be out of town from 6/19-6/22 and 7/07-7/18, so plan accordingly if you have any questions. FAILURE TO SUBMIT THIS ASSIGNMENT BY THE DUE DATE WILL RESULT IN A ZERO GRADE (not a good way to start off the year!) Looking forward to seeing all of you on Friday August 12th !!!!!!!! Mr. Porter